The language of operations.

Classifying inventory into A, B and C tiers by value or importance.

Money your business owes to suppliers for goods or services received.

Money owed to your business by customers for sales made on credit.

Recognising income and expenses when they are earned or incurred, not when cash moves.

A cost incurred but not yet invoiced or paid.

A Kenyan payroll levy on gross pay, matched by the employer.

A breakdown of receivables or payables by how overdue they are.

The transport document for air freight, used as a receipt but not as title.

Automatically flagging transactions or patterns that deviate from the norm.

Controls preventing improper payments or inducements in business dealings.

A defined interface letting one system read from or write to another.

A defined chain of sign-offs a transaction must pass before proceeding.

The controlled set of suppliers cleared to receive orders.

Building items from components, or breaking them back down into parts.

Monitoring the location, custody and condition of physical assets.

A tamper-evident record of who did what, when, and to which record.

The stock you can genuinely commit to a new order after existing allocations.

The average revenue per order over a period.

An order accepted for an item that is currently out of stock.

An estimated allowance for receivables you do not expect to collect.

A snapshot of what the business owns and owes at a point in time.

Matching ledger cash records against the bank statement.

A machine-readable code printed on an item, label or location.

Picking the same item for several orders in one trip, then sorting.

Scoring supplier submissions against agreed criteria to select a winner.

The carrier document that acts as receipt, contract and title for sea freight.

The structured list of components required to make one unit of a product.

A specific addressable storage position within a warehouse.

A single PO covering multiple deliveries over a period at agreed terms.

A customs-controlled facility where imports are stored before duty is paid.

The sales level at which total revenue exactly covers total cost.

The difference between budgeted and actual figures for a period.

The total cost of holding inventory over time.

How many days cash is tied up between paying suppliers and collecting from customers.

A record of actual cash moving in and out, split by activity.

Managing related purchases as a portfolio with a dedicated strategy.

Proof from a pre-shipment inspection that goods meet destination standards.

The structured list of accounts transactions can be posted to.

The rate at which customers stop buying over a period.

A licensed agent who handles customs formalities for an importer.

A personal interest that could improperly influence a buying decision.

Stock held on your premises but still owned by the supplier until it is used or sold.

An off-port facility where containers are unpacked, stored and cleared.

Managing contracts from drafting through renewal or exit.

Revenue minus variable costs — what each sale contributes to fixed costs and profit.

The seller pays freight and insurance to the destination port; the buyer clears customs.

Savings from preventing a cost increase rather than reducing current spend.

A department or unit that costs are collected against for accountability.

The direct cost of the products a business sold in a period.

The maximum outstanding balance a customer may hold on credit.

A document reducing the amount a customer owes on a prior invoice.

Moving goods from inbound to outbound with little or no storage.

A unified view of everything you know about a customer.

The total profit expected from a customer over the whole relationship.

The process of getting goods legally released across a border.

Counting a subset of inventory on a rolling schedule instead of all at once.

The portion of inventory that is consumed and replenished in the normal cycle.

A curated view of current metrics for a specific audience and decision.

The ongoing practice of keeping records accurate, complete and consistent.

Moving existing records into a new system in a usable state.

Handling personal data lawfully, with a defined basis, purpose and retention.

The average number of days stock is held before it is sold.

The average number of days you take to pay suppliers.

The average number of days it takes to collect payment after a sale.

Inventory that is unlikely to ever sell.

A document raised to reduce what you owe a supplier.

Finding and merging records that describe the same real-world thing.

Money received before the goods or services have been delivered.

The documented limits within which each role may commit the organisation.

The seller delivers to your door with all duties and clearance paid.

A document accompanying goods that the customer signs on receipt.

Estimating future demand to plan purchasing and stock levels.

Charges incurred when containers or vehicles are held beyond free time.

Spreading the cost of a fixed asset across its useful life.

How long it takes received goods to become available to pick.

Booking arrival slots so inbound and outbound vehicles do not collide.

Recording every transaction as equal and opposite debits and credits.

Deliberately qualifying two suppliers for the same item.

Issuing invoices in a structured electronic format, often validated by the tax authority.

Running the purchasing process electronically end to end.

A price reduction offered for settling an invoice ahead of terms.

Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation.

The order size that minimises the combined cost of ordering and holding stock.

The stages of an employment relationship from hiring to exit.

Kenya’s electronic tax invoice management system for real-time invoice transmission.

The profit or loss caused by currency movement between transaction and settlement.

A staff request for reimbursement of costs paid personally.

Tracking shelf life so stock is used or cleared before it expires.

The share of demand met from stock on hand without delay.

Picking the stock with the nearest expiry date first, regardless of receipt order.

Issuing or costing the oldest stock first.

The authoritative list of capital assets with cost, location and depreciation.

A pre-negotiated agreement suppliers are called off from as needs arise.

The seller delivers goods onto the vessel; the buyer carries cost and risk from there.

An agent who arranges transport of goods on your behalf.

The master record of every financial transaction, organised by account.

A globally unique product identifier used in barcodes and trade.

The transaction that removes stock from inventory when it leaves.

A record confirming what was actually received against a purchase order.

Stock received into the books before the supplier invoice has arrived.

The percentage of revenue left after the cost of goods sold.

Savings that show up as a measurable reduction in actual spend.

The international tariff classification code that determines duty on a product.

Goods needing special handling, labelling and declaration in transit.

The number of people employed, counted on an agreed basis.

Locking in a future rate or price to reduce exposure to movement.

Acquiring an asset by instalments, taking ownership on the final payment.

Pay due for public holidays, or paid during annual leave.

Routing goods through a central hub rather than point to point.

The system of record for employee data, contracts and HR processes.

The minimum return a proposed investment must clear to be approved.

The property that repeating an operation has no additional effect.

A pre-shipment import authorisation required in Kenya and similar regimes.

Tax charged on goods entering a country, based on their classified value.

A summary of revenue, costs and profit over a period.

Standard trade terms defining who pays for and risks each leg of a shipment.

A process designed to prevent or detect error and fraud.

A breakdown of stock by how long it has been held.

The ability to trace any item forward and backward through the chain.

How many times inventory is sold and replaced over a period.

Assigning a monetary value to the stock you hold.

Removing worthless stock from the books as an expense.

A seller’s itemised request for payment for goods or services.

International standards for management systems, quality and information security.

Accumulating cost against a specific job, project or order.

A single balanced record of debits and credits posted to the ledger.

Receiving stock only as it is needed, holding inventory near zero.

A signal-driven replenishment system that pulls work through a process.

A quantified measure tracked against a target to judge performance.

Combining separate items into a single sellable or issuable unit.

The taxpayer identification number issued by the Kenya Revenue Authority.

The total cost of a product once it arrives, including freight, duties and fees.

The total time between placing an order and receiving the goods.

Leave entitlement building up over time as an employee works.

Grouping stock by production batch for traceability and expiry control.

Producing only after a confirmed customer order is received.

Governing the core reference records the whole business depends on.

The usable output obtained from a given quantity of input material.

Purchasing made outside approved processes or contracts.

A replenishment rule that orders up to a maximum whenever stock hits a minimum.

Capturing warehouse transactions on a handheld or phone at the point of work.

The process of finalising and locking a period’s financial records.

Recording transactions in foreign currencies alongside a base reporting currency.

Kenya’s mandatory pension contribution deducted from pay and matched by the employer.

Moving supply closer to the point of demand, usually into a nearer region.

A recorded quantity below zero, signalling a sequencing or accuracy failure.

The amount an employee actually receives after all deductions.

A formal record of work or goods that failed to meet requirements.

Designing software to keep working without a network connection.

A PO that has been issued but not yet fully received and invoiced.

The end-to-end process from customer order to collected payment.

A composite measure of how productively equipment is actually used.

Hours worked beyond normal hours, usually paid at a premium rate.

An annual tax deduction card summarising an employee’s pay and PAYE for the year.

A document listing the contents of a shipment.

A standard platform used to move and store goods as one handling unit.

The standard quantity a location should hold at the start of each period.

Income tax deducted from salaries by the employer and remitted monthly.

The agreed timing and conditions for settling an invoice.

The process of calculating and paying employee remuneration and deductions.

The itemised statement of an employee’s pay and deductions for a period.

A small cash float held for minor, immediate purchases.

The accessible front position where an item is picked from.

Retrieving items from storage to fulfil an order.

The instruction set telling a picker what to collect and where from.

The system where a retail sale is completed and recorded.

Using historical patterns to estimate what is likely to happen next.

A payment made in advance for benefit not yet received.

A defined set of prices applied to a customer group, channel or period.

The end-to-end process from requisition to supplier payment.

The defined sequence of operations and workstations used to make an item.

A preliminary invoice issued before supply, often to secure payment or clear customs.

Evidence that a consignment was received by the intended party.

Shopping a supplier’s live catalogue from inside your own purchasing system.

A formal buyer document authorising a purchase from a supplier.

The difference between the price paid and the expected or standard price.

An internal request to buy, submitted for approval before a PO is raised.

Moving received goods to their correct storage locations.

Blocking stock from use or sale pending inspection or a decision.

A liquidity test of whether assets excluding stock cover current liabilities.

A limit on the quantity of a good that may be imported in a period.

A seller’s formal offer of prices and terms to a prospective buyer.

Capping how many requests a client may make in a period.

A notice telling a supplier which invoices a payment covers.

The stock level that triggers a new purchase or production order.

An early, non-binding request to learn what the market can offer.

An invitation asking suppliers how they would solve a problem, not just what they charge.

An invitation to suppliers to submit priced quotes for specified items.

Rules for how long records are kept before archiving or deletion.

An approved reference allowing a customer to return goods.

Granting system permissions through roles rather than to individuals.

A buffer of extra inventory held to protect against demand or supply variability.

A confirmed customer order accepted for fulfilment.

Checking counterparties against restricted-party and sanctions lists.

Confirming that negotiated savings actually reached the accounts.

The proportion of production output rejected as unusable.

Splitting a transaction so no one person controls it end to end.

Tracking individual units by a unique serial number.

The target probability of meeting demand without a stockout.

Signing in once with a central identity to access multiple systems.

One authoritative record for each fact, referenced rather than copied.

Deciding where each item should be stored to optimise handling.

Kenya’s health insurance contribution deducted from gross pay.

Buying from one supplier without competition, on documented grounds.

Classifying and examining purchase data to find savings and risk.

The share of total spend actively controlled by procurement.

A deduction from pay required by law rather than by agreement.

A correction to recorded stock to match the physical count.

A unique code identifying a single, distinct product variant.

The physical quantity of an item currently in your possession.

Running out of an item so demand cannot be fulfilled.

Moving inventory between locations, warehouses or branches.

A data-driven approach to selecting suppliers for long-term value.

Assessing suppliers for capability and compliance before they are allowed to bid.

Identifying and reducing the risk that a supplier fails or harms you.

A structured rating of a supplier’s delivery, price and quality performance.

The many small purchases that make up a small share of value but most transactions.

Official confirmation that a business is up to date with its tax obligations.

A formal, structured competitive bidding process, common in public buying.

Outsourcing warehousing and distribution to a specialist provider.

Verifying a supplier invoice against the PO and the goods received before paying.

A record of hours worked, allocated to days, tasks or projects.

The full lifetime cost of a purchase, not just its price.

Following a consignment’s progress and reconstructing its history.

A reduction from list price given to a customer or channel.

A listing of all account balances used to check the ledger is in balance.

Requiring a second proof of identity in addition to a password.

The total cost attributable to producing or acquiring one unit.

The unit in which an item is counted, bought, stored or sold.

A productivity measure of units handled per labour hour.

The share of available capacity or time actually put to productive use.

A consumption tax charged on sales and reclaimable on qualifying purchases.

Letting the supplier monitor your stock and replenish it for you.

Bringing an approved supplier into your systems ready to transact.

A secure area where suppliers see and act on their own transactions.

Software that directs and records every movement inside a warehouse.

Releasing groups of orders to the floor in scheduled waves.

An automatic notification sent to another system when an event occurs.

Valuing stock at the blended average cost of all units held.

Tax deducted at source from a payment and remitted on the payee’s behalf.

The short-term capital tied up in running the business day to day.

Partly finished goods that are no longer raw material and not yet sellable.

An authorisation to produce a specified quantity of an item.

A control chart tracking the average of sampled measurements over time.

A North American standard for exchanging business documents electronically.

A structured text format widely used to exchange business documents.

Classifying stock by how predictable its demand is.

Controlling vehicles, trailers and containers in the space around the warehouse.

Finalising a full financial year ready for audit and statutory filing.

A cumulative total from the start of the year to the current date.

The cost effect of using more or less material than the standard allows.

The service-level factor that converts a service target into safety stock.

Building each budget from nothing rather than adjusting last year’s.

A taxable supply charged at 0% VAT, with input tax still recoverable.

A quality standard treating any defect rate above nothing as unacceptable.

Assigning pickers to fixed areas, with orders passing between zones.

Trucking consolidated parcels past intermediate zones before injecting them.